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Reliability of astrophysical jet simulations in 2D: On inter-code reliability and numerical convergence

机译:二维天体物理射流模拟的可靠性:在码间   可靠性和数值收敛

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摘要

In the present paper, we examine the convergence behavior and inter-codereliability of astrophysical jet simulations in axial symmetry. We considerboth, pure hydrodynamic jets and jets with a dynamically significant magneticfield. The setups were chosen to match the setups of two other publications,and recomputed with the MHD code NIRVANA. We show that NIRVANA and the twoother codes give comparable, but not identical results. We find that someglobal properties of a hydrodynamical jet simulation, like e.g. the bow shockvelocity, converge at 100 points per beam radius (ppb) with NIRVANA. Thesituation is quite different after switching on the toroidal magnetic field: Inthis case, global properties converge even at 10 ppb. In both cases, details ofthe inner jet structure and especially the terminal shock region are stillinsufficiently resolved, even at our highest resolution of 70 ppb in themagnetized case and 400 ppb for the pure hydrodynamic jet. In the case of ourhighest resolution simulation, we can report two new features: First, smallscale Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities are excited at the contact discontinuitynext to the jet head. This slows down the development of the long wavelengthKelvin-Helmholtz instability and its turbulent cascade to smaller wavelengths.Second, the jet head develops Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities which manage toentrain an increasing amount of mass from the ambient medium with resolution.This region extends in our highest resolution simulation over 2 jet radii inthe axial direction.
机译:在本文中,我们研究了轴向对称的天体物理射流模拟的收敛性和互编码性。我们同时考虑了纯流体动力射流和具有动态显着磁场的射流。选择这些设置以匹配其他两个出版物的设置,并使用MHD代码NIRVANA重新计算。我们表明,NIRVANA和其他两个代码给出的结果可比,但不完全相同。我们发现流体动力学射流模拟的一些全局特性,例如弓的冲击速度,用NIRVANA收敛于每波束半径(ppb)100个点。接通环形磁场后,情况就大不相同了:在这种情况下,全局特性即使在10 ppb时也会收敛。在这两种情况下,内部射流的结构,尤其是末端冲击区域的细节仍然无法充分解决,即使在磁化情况下我们的最高分辨率为70 ppb,对于纯流体动力射流也为400 ppb。在最高分辨率模拟的情况下,我们可以报告两个新功能:首先,小尺寸的Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性会在喷头附近的接触间断处激发。这减慢了长波长开尔文-亥姆霍兹不稳定性及其湍流级联到较小波长的发展;其次,喷头产生了瑞利-泰勒不稳定性,该不稳定性设法从环境介质中夹带了越来越多的质量的分辨率。轴向上两个射流半径的最高分辨率模拟。

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    Krause, M.; Camenzind, M.;

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